聖經研究/新約註釋/馬太福音/第 8 章
患麻風的人
1 當耶穌下山的時候，許多人跟隨他。2 一個患麻風病的人來，跪在耶穌面前說：“主，如果你願意，你可以使我潔淨。”3 耶穌伸手摸那人，說：“我願意，你潔淨吧！”那人立刻就從麻風病中潔淨了。4 然後耶穌對他說：“看哪，不要告訴任何人，但要到祭司那裡去，獻上摩西所吩咐的禮物，作為對他們的見證。”
百夫長的信心
5 當耶穌進了迦百農，一個百夫長來見他，求他幫助。6 他說：“主，我的僕人臥在家中，癱瘓了，非常痛苦。”7 耶穌對他說：“我去醫治他。”8 百夫長回答說：“主，我不配讓你到我的屋裡來，只要你說一句話，我的僕人就會得醫治。9 因為我自己也是在權柄之下的人，手下有兵士。我吩咐這個去，他就去；吩咐那個來，他就來；我對我的僕人說，‘做這個’，他就做。”10 耶穌聽見這話，就驚訝了，對跟隨他的人說：“我實在告訴你們，在以色列中，我沒有見過這樣大的信心。11 我告訴你們，許多人要從東方和西方來，在天上國裡與亞伯拉罕、以撒和雅各一同坐席。12 但本國的子民要被丟在外面，在黑暗裡，在那裡要哀哭切齒。”13 然後耶穌對百夫長說：“去吧，照你所信的，就必如此。”就在那時，他的僕人就痊癒了。
耶穌醫治許多人
14 當耶穌來到彼得的家裡，看見彼得的岳母臥床發燒。15 耶穌摸了她的手，熱就退了，她就起來服侍耶穌。16 到了晚上，許多被鬼附著的人被帶到耶穌面前，耶穌只用一句話就趕出鬼，治好了所有病人。17 這是為了應驗先知以賽亞所說的話：
- “他擔當我們的疾病，
- 揹負我們的痛苦。”
- “他擔當我們的疾病，
跟隨耶穌的代價
18 耶穌看見周圍的人群，就吩咐過到湖那邊去。19 這時，一個律法教師來見他，說：“老師，我無論到哪裡，都要跟隨你。”20 耶穌回答說：“狐狸有洞，天空的飛鳥有窩，但人子卻沒有地方枕頭。”21 另一個門徒對他說：“主，請容許我先回去埋葬我的父親。”22 耶穌對他說：“你跟著我，讓死人埋葬他們的死人吧。”
耶穌平息風暴
23 然後他上了船，門徒也跟著他。24 忽然，湖上起了狂風，波浪翻滾，船快要被淹沒。但耶穌在睡覺。25 門徒就來叫醒他，說：“主，救救我們，我們要沉了！”26 他回答說：“你們這小信的人，為什麼害怕呢？”於是他起來，斥責風和海，風和海就平靜下來。27 人們就驚奇地問：“這到底是什麼人呢？連風和海都聽他的話！”
醫治兩個被鬼附著的人
28 當耶穌來到對岸，就是格拉森人的地方，有兩個被鬼附著的人從墳墓裡出來迎見他。他們非常兇猛，沒有人敢經過那條路。29 他們大聲喊叫說：“神子，你與我們有什麼事？你到這兒來是提前折磨我們嗎？”30 離他們不遠的地方，有一群豬在吃食。31 鬼就求耶穌說：“如果你趕我們出去，就讓我們進入豬群吧。”32 耶穌對他們說：“去吧！”它們就出來，進入豬群，整個豬群都從陡峭的懸崖上衝進湖裡淹死了。33 看管豬的人就逃跑了，進城去告訴了這一切，包括被鬼附著的人發生了什麼事。34 於是全城的人出來迎接耶穌。他們看見耶穌，就哀求他離開他們的地區。
作者
早期教會的教父們都一致認為馬太福音的作者是馬太。馬太是十二使徒之一，在遇見耶穌之前是一個稅吏。馬太沒有像馬可（不是目擊者）那樣寫他的書，但馬太有自己的安排，更多地關注耶穌的權柄。馬太也更強調故事本身之外正在發生的事情。在耶穌平息風暴的故事中，馬太更多地關注基督論，並將故事的重點放在耶穌的權能上。一些聖經研究者認為，馬太跟隨馬可的做法，是為了表明馬太同意馬可，以及表明對基督的使徒見證沒有分歧。
時間和地點
耶穌在以色列的加利利地區進行了大量的傳道工作。耶穌也到迦百農傳道。耶穌還渡過加利利海傳道。我們不知道馬太福音到底是在什麼時候寫成的，但我們知道它是在馬可福音之後寫成的。
文學
這是一個敘事。馬太在這章中使用了舊約中常見的同義平行。馬太也使用了與其他人相同的意象。對於平息風暴的故事，馬太將這段經文構建為簡單直接，同時將門徒訓練和基督論融合在一起（Tate 220）。
馬太福音 8 章記載了耶穌許多醫治的奇蹟：患麻風病的人、百夫長的僕人、彼得的岳母以及許多其他人。它還記載了耶穌關於跟隨他的代價的警告、他平息加利利海上的風暴以及他趕出兩個被鬼附著的人。
本章以一個患麻風病的人開始。然後耶穌路過，那人大聲呼喊，求耶穌醫治他，耶穌就醫治了他。這個人有很大的信心，相信耶穌能醫治他。還有另一個羅馬百夫長，他相信耶穌能遠距離醫治他的僕人。耶穌在第 10 節說：“我實在告訴你們，在以色列中，我沒有見過這樣大的信心。”耶穌對百夫長的信心印象深刻。本章還講述了耶穌在加利利地區四處行走，醫治病人和被鬼附著的人。
然後耶穌告訴大家，為了跟隨他，你需要願意成為無家可歸的人，不要擔心埋葬你的家人。這意味著門徒需要跟隨耶穌，並放棄一切來跟隨他。
然後耶穌和他的門徒一起上了船。一場風暴來襲，門徒們害怕了，但耶穌平息了風暴。門徒們應該放棄一切，相信耶穌，相信一切都會好起來的。本章中耶穌最後一次醫治，是兩個被鬼附著的人。在這部分，我們看到，即使是鬼也認識耶穌，並服從他。這意味著耶穌趕走了鬼。
患麻風的人
這個故事講述了一個患麻風病的人，他對耶穌能醫治他充滿了信心。耶穌看到這個人有很大的信心，就告訴他到河邊去，把頭浸在水裡七次，這樣他就能被醫治。這個人照做了，麻風病就離開了他的身體。然後耶穌告訴他，去見祭司，遵守摩西的命令。
百夫長的信心
耶穌正往迦百農去，有一個百夫長來見耶穌，求耶穌醫治他的僕人。那僕人癱瘓了，百夫長知道耶穌能幫助他，而且不必到他家裡去。耶穌對百夫長說，他的信心很大。然後，耶穌就在那裡說，僕人已經好了。百夫長回家的時候，僕人就真的好了。
耶穌醫治許多人
這個故事告訴我們，耶穌醫治了許多人，包括彼得的岳母。
跟隨耶穌的代價
在這個小故事裡，一個律法老師來到耶穌面前，想知道要怎樣才能成為耶穌的門徒。耶穌告訴他，他必須無家可歸，因為耶穌也是無家可歸的。
耶穌平息風暴
耶穌上了船，要渡過湖去。耶穌睡著了，突然起了很大的風浪。門徒害怕得把耶穌叫醒，希望他救他們。耶穌回答他們，說他們不必害怕，只要信靠他就行了。之後，耶穌只用言語就止住了風和浪。門徒不知道發生了什麼事。
醫治兩個被鬼附著的人
耶穌和門徒到了湖的對面，遇見了兩個被鬼附身的人。被鬼附身的人問耶穌，他是不是要傷害他們。他們還要求耶穌把他們（鬼）趕進豬群，讓豬跑到湖裡淹死。然後耶穌就照做了。看到這一幕的人回到城裡，告訴城裡的人發生了什麼事。城裡的人出來，看到了發生的事情，就請耶穌離開他們的城。
馬太福音第八章概述
[edit | edit source]- 1. 長大麻風的人（1-4）
- 2. 百夫長的信心（5-13）
- 3. 耶穌醫治彼得的岳母（14-17）
- 4. 跟隨耶穌的代價（18-22）
- 5. 耶穌醫治了兩個被鬼附身的人（28-34）
馬太福音第八章的翻譯差異
[edit | edit source]v1.
- KJV-multitudes
- NIV,ESV-large crowds
v2.
- KJV-"And behold,a leper came and worshiped Him,saying,"Lord,if You are willing You can make me clean."
- ESV-'and knelt before him'
- NIV-'A man with leprosy came'
v3.
- KJV-'Then Jesus put out His hand and touched him, saying,"I willing;be cleansed." And immediately his leprosy was cleansed."'
- ESV-'And Jesus stretched "I will;be clean."
- NIV-'Jesus reached out his hand and touched the man. "I am willing," he said. "Be clean!" Immediately he was cured of his leprosy.'
v4.
- KJV-"See that you tell no one; but go your way,""as a testimony to them."
- ESV-"See that you say nothing to anyone,but go,...for a proof to them."
- NIV-"See that you don't tell anyone."
v5.
- KJV-"a centurion came to Him, pleading with him."
- ESV-"a centurion came forward to him, appealing to him,"
- NIV-"a centurion came to him, asking for help."
v6.
- KJV-"saying,"Lord, my servant is lying at home paralyzed,dreadfully tormented."
- ESV-"Lord, my servant is lying paralyzed at home, suffering terribly."
- NIV-"Lord," he said,"my servant lies at home paralyzed and in terrible suffering."
v7.
- KJV-"And Jesus said to him,"I will come and heal him."
- ESV-"And he said to him,"
- NIV-"I will go..."
v9.
- KJV-"For I also am a man."
- ESV-"For I too am a man."
- NIV-"For I myself am a man."
v10.
- KJV-"He marveled...Assuredly,I say to you,I have not found such great faith, not even in Israel!"
- ESV-"Truly,I tell you,with no one in Israel have I found such faith."
- NIV-'he was astonished..."I tell you the truth, I have not found anyone in Israel with such great faith."
v11.
- ESV-"and recline at table with Abraham,"
- NIV-"and will take their places at the feast with Abraham."
v12.
- ESV-"while the sons of the Kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
- NIV-"But the subject of the kingdom will be thrown outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
- KJV-"But the sons of the Kingdom will be cast out into outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
v13.
- KJV-"Go your way;and as you have believed, so let it be done for you."..."that same hour."
- ESV-"Go;let it be done for you as you have believed."...that very moment.'
- NIV-"Go! It will be done just as you believed it would."...that very hour.'
v14.
- KJV-Now when Jesus had come into Peter's house,He saw his wife's mother lying sick with a fever."
- ESV-mother-in-law
- NIV-Peter's mother-in-law.
v15.
- KJV-"She arose and served them."
- ESV-She rose
- NIV-"She got up and began to wait on him."
v17.
- KJV-"He Himself took our infirmities And bore our sickness."
- ESV-"He took our illnesses and bore our diseases."
- NIV-"He took up our infirmities and carried our diseases."
v19.
- KJV-certain scribe
- NIV-teacher of the law
- ESV-scribe
v20.
- KJV-And Jesus said
- NIV-Jesus replied
v22.
- KJV-let
- ESV-leave
v24.
- KJV-"And suddenly a great tempest arose on the sea, so that the boat was covered with the waves. But He was asleep."
- ESV-"And behold, there arose a great storm on the sea,so that the boat was being swamped by the waves; but he was asleep."
v25.
- KJV-"Then His disciples came to Him and awoke Him, saying, "Lord, save us! We are perishing!"
- ESV-"And they went and woke him saying,"Save us, Lord; we are perishing."
- NIV-"We're going to drown!"
v26.
- KJV-"But He said to them,"Why are you fearful, O you of little faith?" Then He arose and rebuked the winds and the sea. And there was a great calm."
- ESV-"Why are you afraid,"
- NIV-"He replied,"You of little faith, why are you so afraid?" Then he got up and rebuked the wind and the waves, and it was completely calm."
v27.
- KJV-"And the men marveled, saying,"Who can this be, that even the winds and the sea obey him?"
- ESV-"And the men marveled, saying,"What sort of man is this, that even winds and sea obey him?"
- NIV-"The men were amazed and asked,"What kind of man is this? Even the winds and the waves obey him!"
v28.
- KJV-"When He had come to the other side, to the country of the Gergesenes, these met Him two demon-possessed men, coming out of the tombs, exceedingly fierce, so that no one could pass that way."
- NIV-"When he arrived at the other side in the region of the Gadarenes, two demon-possessed men coming from the tombs met him. They were so violent that no one could pass that way."
v29.
- KJV-"And suddenly they cried out, saying,"What have we to do with You, Jesus, You Son of God? Have You Come here to torment us before the time?"
- ESV-"And behold, they cried out,"What have you to do with us, O Son of God? Have you come here to torment us before the time?"
- NIV-"What do you want with us, Son of God? "They shouted. "Have you come here to torture us before the appointed time?"
v30.
- KJV-"Now a good way off from them there was a herd of many swine feeding."
- ESV-"Now a herd of many pigs was feeding at some distance from them."
- NIV-"Some distance from them a large herd of pigs was feeding."
v31.
- KJV-"So the demons begged Him, saying, "If you cast us out, permit us to go away into the herd of swine."
- NIV-"The demons begged Jesus,"If you drive us out, send us into the herd of pigs."
v32.
- KJV-"And He said to them,"go." So when they had come out, they went into the herd of swine. And suddenly the whole herd of swine ran violently down the steep place into the sea, and perished in the water."
- ESV- "...So they came out and went into the pig, and behold, the whole herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea and drowned in the waters."
- NIV-"...steep bank into the lake and died in the water."
v33.
- KJV-"Then those who kept them fled; and they went away into the city and told everything, including what had happened to the demon-possessed men."
- ESV-"The herdsmen fled, and going into the city they told everything,especially what had happened to the demon-possessed men."
- NIV-"Those tending the pigs ran off, went into town and reported all this, including what had happened to the demon-possessed men."
v34.
- KJV-"And behold, the whole city came out to meet Jesus. And when they saw Him, they begged Him to depart from their region."
- ESV-"And behold, all the city came out to meet Jesus, and when they saw him, they begged him to leave their region."
- NIV-"Then the whole town went out to meet Jesus. And when they saw him, they pleaded with him to leave their region."
參考文獻
[edit | edit source]唐納德·西尼爾. 阿賓登新約註釋 馬太福音. 阿賓登出版社 納什維爾. 1998.
曼利奧·西蒙內蒂. 古代基督教聖經註釋 新約 Ia. 校際出版社. 伊利諾伊州唐納斯格羅夫. 2001.
泰特, 馬文·E. 馬太福音. 詞彙聖經註釋. 達拉斯: 詞彙出版社, 1990.