工程手冊/微積分/積分/無理函式

$\int r\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xr+a^{2}\,\ln \left(x+r\right)\right)$

$\int r^{3}\;dx={\frac {1}{4}}xr^{3}+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{2}xr+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int r^{5}\;dx={\frac {1}{6}}xr^{5}+{\frac {5}{24}}a^{2}xr^{3}+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{4}xr+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{6}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int xr\;dx={\frac {r^{3}}{3}}$

$\int xr^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}$

$\int xr^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$

$\int x^{2}r\;dx={\frac {xr^{3}}{4}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr}{8}}-{\frac {a^{4}}{8}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int x^{2}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {xr^{5}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{24}}-{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}-{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int x^{3}r\;dx={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}$

$\int x^{3}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}$

$\int x^{3}r^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$

$\int x^{4}r\;dx={\frac {x^{3}r^{3}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{8}}+{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}+{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int x^4{r}^{3}dx=\frac{x^3{r}^{}}{}$

$\int x^{5}r\;dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}$

$\int x^{5}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{9}}{9}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{5}}{5}}$

$\int x^{5}r^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+7}}{2n+7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$

$\int {\frac {r\;dx}{x}}=r-a\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|=r-a\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {a}{x}}$

$\int {\frac {r^{3}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{3}}{3}}+a^{2}r-a^{3}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {r^{5}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{4}r-a^{5}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {r^{7}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{6}r-a^{7}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{r}}=\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {x}{a}}=\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {dx}{r^{3}}}={\frac {x}{a^{2}r}}$

$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{r}}=r$

$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{r^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{r}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{r}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {x}{a}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {dx}{xr}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {a}{x}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

包含 $s={\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}}$ 的積分

假設 $(x^{2}>a^{2})$，對於 $(x^{2}<a^{2})$，請參見下一節。

$\int s\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xs-a^{2}\ln(x+s)\right)$

$\int xs\;dx={\frac {1}{3}}s^{3}$

$\int {\frac {s\;dx}{x}}=s-a\arccos \left|{\frac {a}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s}}=\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

這裡 $\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|=\mathrm {sgn} (x)\,\operatorname {arcosh} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|={\frac {1}{2}}\ln \left({\frac {x+s}{x-s}}\right)$，其中 $\operatorname {arcosh} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|$ 的正值需要被採用。

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s}}=s$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{s}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{3s^{3}}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{5s^{5}}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{(2n-1)s^{2n-1}}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2m}\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{2n-1}}{\frac {x^{2m-1}}{s^{2n-1}}}+{\frac {2m-1}{2n-1}}\int {\frac {x^{2m-2}\;dx}{s^{2n-1}}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s}}={\frac {x^{3}s}{4}}+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{2}xs+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s^{3}}}={\frac {xs}{2}}-{\frac {a^{2}x}{s}}+{\frac {3}{2}}a^{2}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{2m}\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=(-1)^{n-m}{\frac {1}{a^{2(n-m)}}}\sum _{i=0}^{n-m-1}{\frac {1}{2(m+i)+1}}{n-m-1 \choose i}{\frac {x^{2(m+i)+1}}{s^{2(m+i)+1}}}\qquad {\mbox{(}}n>m\geq 0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x}{s}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{5}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{9}}}={\frac {1}{a^{8}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {3}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {3}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}-{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x^{3}}{3s^{3}}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{7}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{9}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {2}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}+{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]$

包含 $u={\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}$ 的積分

$\int u\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\right)\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int xu\;dx=-{\frac {1}{3}}u^{3}\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int x^{2}u\;dx=-{\frac {x}{4}}u^{3}+{\frac {a^{2}}{8}}(xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}})\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{u}}=\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$