馬匹營養/蛋白質

蛋白質

以下資訊摘自 https://class.coursera.org/equinenutrition-001/wiki/view?page=Week2 Jo-Anne Murray 的馬匹營養學

蛋白質 • 用於各種功能

 – Structural (e.g. muscle, skin, hair)
 – Enzymes (catalysts that affect the rate of reactions in the body)
 – Hormones (chemical messengers that regulate metabolic processes)
 – Immune compounds (for fighting infection)
 – Transport compounds (e.g. transport of nutrients)

• 由氨基酸鏈組成

• 必需和非必需氨基酸

• 非必需蛋白質：由動物合成

• 必需蛋白質（需要從飲食中補充）

 – Lysine (first limiting: present in the least amount relative to requirement)
 – Methionine
 – Threonine
 – Isoleucine
 – Valine
 – Arginine
 – Tryptophan
 – Histidine
 – Phenylalanine

• 蛋白質分解始於胃

 – Acidity denatures the proteins
 – Pepsin partially degrades proteins into smaller peptides
 – No protein absorption in the stomach

• 在小腸中進一步分解

 – Proteases break down proteins to amino acids
 – Absorbed across Small Intestine gut wall

• 與植物細胞壁相關的蛋白質 - 在大腸中發酵

• 在小腸中消化的蛋白質 - 被馬匹使用

• 大腸中沒有氨基酸吸收

• 大腸中的微生物降解蛋白質

 – Used for microbial growth
 – No biological value to horse