古英語/連線詞
< 古英語
一個連線詞（本文縮寫為cnj.）是一種連線兩個詞、句子、短語或從句的詞，並表明它們之間的關係。
連線詞分為三類：並列連線詞、關聯連線詞和從屬連線詞。 並列連線詞將兩個或多個同等重要的專案連線在一起，例如現代英語中的 "and"、"or"、"but" 等。 關聯連線詞類似於並列連線詞，它們也連線兩個或多個同等重要的專案，但它們以組的形式工作，例如現代英語中的 "either... or...", "neither... nor...", "both... and..." 等。 從屬連線詞連線重要性不同的專案，例如現代英語中的 "because"、"although"、"unless" 等。
以下是一些重要的古英語並列連線詞
- and - and
- ac - but
- ne - nor
- oþþe - or
這些連線詞的使用示例
- Hē ƿæs grēat and hēo ƿæs strang - He was big and she was strong
- Iohannes cƿōm hraðe, ac hē ne cūðe þone yfelan hund findan - John came quickly, but he couldn't find the bad dog
- Ƿit noldon þæt dōn, ne ƿoldon hīe - We two didn't want to do that, nor did they want to
- Þonne þæt mōd ymbe hƿæt tƿēonode, oðþe hit hƿæs ƿilnode tō ƿitanne... - When the mind doubted that, or it wanted to know something...
以下是一些引導從句的連線詞
- for þȳ þe/for þȳ/for þǣm þe/for þǣm - because
- sƿā þæt - so that
- þæt, þe, þætte - that (在間接引語中，例如 "He said that she said"；也用於表示期望或想要的效果，如 "I desired that you would come")
- þonne - than (用於比較)
- þēah (þe) - although
這些連線詞的使用示例
- Hē ƿolde cƿelan for þȳ þe hē ƿæs sƿīðe earm - He wanted to die because he was so miserable
- Ic dyde þæt sƿā þæt þū ne ƿēpe - I did it so that you wouldn't cry
- Þās hādas sægdon þætte þis land is heora - These people say that this land is theirs
- Iohannes is māra þonne Æðelƿeard - John is greater than Athelward
- Se cniht nolde feohtan þēah þe hē ƿel strang ƿæs - The youth didn't want to fight even though he was quite strong
以下是一些用作關聯連線詞的詞
- ġif(... þonne....) - if(... then...)
- ne... ne... - neither... nor...
- oþþe... oþþe... - either... or...
這些關聯連線詞的使用示例
- Ġif þū cume, þonne ic þec ofslēa - If you come, I'll kill you
- Ne þæt ƿīf ne hire cild ƿǣron gladu - Neither the woman nor her child were glad
- Oþþe hē oþþe se hund bite þisne pleġan - Either he or the dog bit this toy
請注意，即使是最有學問的古英語作家也毫不猶豫地在句首寫 "and"（沃爾夫斯坦在 "對英國人的狼之訓誡" 中經常這樣做） - 因此完全沒問題。（這也意味著，儘管有些人堅持認為在現代英語中這樣做是不好的習慣或錯誤的語法，但這種習慣已經存在了超過一千年）。