修辭與寫作/不明確的指示代詞指代

示例

The amount of information that needs to be entered into the database 
is enormous, and it needs to be entered in a different way for each patient. 
This will make the design process complex."

問題所在？

此示例使用指示代詞（如 this、these 或 those），但有兩個或更多可能的先行詞。代詞指的是哪一個？

請考慮以下示例

The new equipment arrived yesterday, and everything is in 
working order. This was something of a surprise.

哪個令人驚訝？是裝置到達了，還是它處於工作狀態，或者兩者兼而有之？

如何解決這個問題

提供一個澄清的名詞

The new equipment arrived yesterday, and everything is in working order. 
This happy outcome was something of a surprise.