Tcl 程式設計/TCL 和 ADP
< Tcl 程式設計
Tcl 和 ADP 參考
本參考用於使用 Tcl 與 ADP 頁面，適用於使用 ArsDigita 社群系統（有關詳細資訊，請參閱 OpenACS）設定網站的人員。前半部分只是 Tcl 概述；後半部分涉及 .adp 頁面、自定義標籤以及 AOLServer 資源和引數。
; 或換行符 語句分隔符
\ 語句延續（如果為行尾最後一個字元）
# 註釋掉行尾剩餘部分（如果為第一個非空白字元）
var 簡單變數
var(index) 關聯陣列變數
var(i,j) 多維關聯陣列變數
$var 變數替換（還有 ${var}xyz）
[expr 1+2] 命令替換
\char 反斜槓替換
"hello $a" 帶替換的引用
{hello $a} 不帶替換的引用（延遲替換）
Tcl 中唯一的 datatype 是字串。某些命令將引數解釋為數字/布林值；這些格式為：
整數: 12 0xff(十六進位制) 0377(八進位制)
浮點數: 2.1 3. 6e4 7.91e+16
布林值: true false 0 1 yes no
\a 蜂鳴聲 (0x7)
\b 退格 (0x8)
\f 換頁 (0xC)
\n 換行 (0xA)
\r 回車 (0xD)
\t 水平製表符 (0x9)
\v 垂直製表符 (0xB)
\space 空格
\newline 空格
\ddd 八進位制值 (d=0−7)
\xdd 十六進位制值 (d=0−9,a−f)
\c 將 ’\c’ 替換為 ’c’
\\ 反斜槓
expr 命令按優先順序降序識別這些運算子
− ~ ! unary minus, bitwise NOT, logical NOT * / % multiply, divide, remainder + − add, subtract << >> bitwise shift left, bitwise shift right < > <= >= boolean comparisons == != boolean equals, not equals & bitwise AND ^ bitwise exclusive OR | bitwise inclusive OR && logical AND || logical OR x ? y : z if x != 0, then y, else z
所有運算子都支援整數。除了以下運算子外，所有運算子都支援浮點數 ~, %, <<, >>, %, ^, 和 |布林運算子也可以用於字串運算元，在這種情況下，將使用字串比較。如果任何運算元不是有效的數字，則會發生這種情況。以下運算子具有與 C 中相同的“惰性求值”
&&, ||, ?
expr 命令識別以下數學函式
abs hypot int double floor ceil fmod round
cos sin tan acos asin atan atan2 cosh sinh tanh
log log10 exp pow sqrt
regex | regex match either expression regex* match zero or more of regex regex+ match one or more of regex regex? Match zero or one of regex . any single character except newline ^ match beginning of string $ match end of string \c match character c c match character c [abc] match set of characters [^abc] match characters not in set [a−z] match range of characters [^a−z] match characters not in range ( ) group expressions
? match any single character
* match zero or more characters
[abc] match set of characters
[a−z] match range of characters
\c match character c
{a,b,...} match any of string a, b, etc.
~ home directory (for glob command)
~user match user’s home directory (for glob command)
Note: for the glob command, a "." at the beginning of a file’s
name or just after "/" must be matched explicitly and all "/"
characters must be matched explicitly.
break Abort innermost containing loop command case Obsolete, see switch continue Skip to next iteration of innermost containing loop. exit[returnCode] Terminate the process, return returnCode (an integer which defaults to 0) to the system as the exit status. for start test next body Looping command where start, next, and body are Tcl command strings and test is an expression string to be passed to expr command. foreach varname list body The Tcl command string body is evaluated for each item in the string list where the variable varname is set to the item’s value. if expr1 [then] body1 [elseif expr2 [then] body2...] [[else] bodyN] If expression string expr1 evaluates true, Tcl command string body1 is evaluated. Otherwise if expr2 is true, body2 is evaluated, and so on. If none of the expressions evaluate to true, then bodyN is executed. return [−code code] [−errorinfo info] [−errorcode code] [string] Return immediately from current procedure with string as return value. switch [options] string pattern1 body1 [ pattern2 body2 ...] The string argument is matched against each of the pattern arguments in order. As soon as it finds a pattern that matches string, it evaluates the corresponding Tcl command string body. If no match is found and the last pattern is the keyword default, its command string is evaluated while test body Evaluates the Tcl command string body as long as expression string test evaluates to true.
注意：列表索引從 0 開始，可以使用 end 引用列表中的最後一個元素。
concat [arg arg ...] Returns concatenation of each string join list [joinString] Returns string created by joining all elements of list with joinString. lappend varName [value value ...] Appends each value to the end of the list stored in varName. lindex list index Returns value of element at index in list. linsert list index element [element ...] Returns new list formed by using each arg as an element. llength list Returns number of elements in list. lrange list first last Returns new list from slice of list at indices first through last inclusive. lsearch [mode] list pattern Returns index of first element in list that matches pattern (−1 for no match). Mode may be −exact, −glob(default) or −regexp. lsort [switches] list Returns new list formed by sorting list according to switches. These are: −ascii string comparison (default) −integer integer comparisons −real floating−point comparisons −increasing sort in increasing order (default) −decreasing sort in decreasing order −command cmd Use command which takes two arguments and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero. split string [splitChars] Returns a list formed by splitting string at each character in splitChars.
append varName [value value ...] Appends each of the given values to the string stored in varName. format formatString [arg arg ...] Returns a formatted string generated in the ANSI C sprintf manner. regexp [switches] exp string [matchVar] [subMatchVar ...] Returns 1 if the regular expression exp matches part or all of string, 0 otherwise. If specified, matchVar will be wet to all the characters in the match and the following subMatchVar’s will be set to matched parenthesized subexpressions. The −nocase switch can be specified to ignore case in matching. The −indices switch can be specified so that matchVar and subMatchVar will be set to the start and ending indice3s in string of their corresponding match. regsub [switches] exp string subSpec varName Replaces the first portion of string that matches the regular expression exp with subSpec and places results in varName. Returns count of number of replacements made. The −nocase switch can be specified to ignore case in matching. The −all switch will cause all matches to be substituted for. scan string formatString varName [varName ...] Extracts values into given variables using ANSI C sscanf behavior. string compare string1 string2 Return −1, 0, or 1, depending on whether string1 is lexicographically less than, equal to, or greater than string2. string first string1 string2 Return index in string2 of first occurrence of string1 (−1 if not found). string index string charIndex Returns the charIndex’th character in string. string last string1 string2 Return index in string2 of last occurrence of string1 (−1 if not found). string length string Returns number of characters in string. string match pattern string Returns 1 if glob pattern matches string, 0 otherwise. string range string first last Returns characters from string at indices first through last inclusive. string tolower string Returns new string formed by converting all chars in string to lower case. string toupper string Returns new string formed by converting all chars in string to upper case. string trim string [chars] Returns new string formed by removing from string any leading or trailing characters present in the set chars. string trimleft string [chars] Same as string trim for leading characters only. string trimright string [chars] Same as string trim for trailing characters only. string wordend string index Returns index of character just after last one in word at index in string. string wordstart string index Returns index of first character of word at index in string. subst [−nobackslashes] [−nocommands] [−novariables] string Returns result of backslash, command, and variable substitutions on string. Each may be turned off by switch.
內聯替換 <%= 評估為要嵌入的文字的 tcl 程式碼 %>
狀態更改程式碼 <% 更改 tcl 環境的 tcl 命令（設定變數、執行 db 查詢等） %>
示例 二加二等於 <%= [expr 2+2] %>
ns_register_adptag "codeexample" "/codeexample" tcl_adp_codeexample
proc tcl_adp_codeexample {string tagset} {
return "<blockquote>
<code><pre>${string}</pre></code>
</blockquote>
"
}
[ad_parameter UsersCanCreateRoomsP chat]
source−file.tcl − 用於使用特定檔案。
set_the_usual_form_variables ns_eval [list source $file] ns_return 200 text/html ok wget −O − "https://:8000/source− file.tcl?file=/web/server1/tcl/myfile.tcl"
注意：這對於註冊的標籤更改不起作用。要重新載入所有內容
<%
set dir [ns_info tcllib]
set list [exec ls $dir]
foreach file $list {
source $dir/$file
ns_puts "sourced: $file
"}%>
當查詢資料庫時，設定的變數是 ns_set
# ask AOLserver to give us a database connection set db [ns_db gethandle] set sql_query "select first_names, last_name from users where user_id = $user_id" # actually send the query to the RDBMS; tell AOLserver we # expect exactly one row back set selection [ns_db 1row $db $sql_query] <pre> ''Getting information out of an ns_set:'' <pre> set first_names [ns_set get $selection "first_names"] set last_name [ns_set get $selection "last_name"] ns_return 200 text/plain "User #$user_id is $first_names $last_name"
將表單變數匯入 tcl 或 adp 頁面 set_the_usual_form_variables 直接操作表單 ns_getform
在不退出 ns_write 的情況下執行邏輯。就像 SQL 一樣！ [util_decode unknown val1 res1 val2 res2 valN resN defaultresult]
ad_parameter ad_parameter name { subsection "" } { default "" }
Returns the value of a configuration parameter set in one of the .ini files in /web/yourdomain/parameters. If the parameter doesn’t exist, returns the default specified as the third argument (or empty string if not default is specified). Note that AOLserver reads these files when the server starts up and stores parameters in an in−memory hash table. The plus side of this is that there is no hit to the file system and no need to memoize a call to ad_parameter. The minus side is that you have to restart the server if you want to test a change made to the .ini file.
ad_parameter_section ad_parameter_section { subsection "" }
Returns all the vars in a parameter section as an ns_set. Relies on undocumented AOLserver Tcl API call ns_configsection (analogous C API call is documented). Differs from the API call in that it returns an empty ns_set if the parameter section does not exist.
包含子檔案
# Source user−new.adp. We would redirect to it, but we don’t want # the password exposed! # source "[ns_url2file "/register/user−new.tcl"]" # return ns_adp_include user−new.adp ns_adp_break