加拿大難民程式/72-75 - 司法審查

《移民和難民保護法》第 72-75 條

《移民和難民保護法》第 72-75 條規定

DIVISION 8
Judicial Review

Application for judicial review
72 (1) Judicial review by the Federal Court with respect to any matter — a decision, determination or order made, a measure taken or a question raised — under this Act is, subject to section 86.1, commenced by making an application for leave to the Court.

Application
(2) The following provisions govern an application under subsection (1):
(a) the application may not be made until any right of appeal that may be provided by this Act is exhausted;
(b) subject to paragraph 169(f), notice of the application shall be served on the other party and the application shall be filed in the Registry of the Federal Court (“the Court”) within 15 days, in the case of a matter arising in Canada, or within 60 days, in the case of a matter arising outside Canada, after the day on which the applicant is notified of or otherwise becomes aware of the matter;
(c) a judge of the Court may, for special reasons, allow an extended time for filing and serving the application or notice;
(d) a judge of the Court shall dispose of the application without delay and in a summary way and, unless a judge of the Court directs otherwise, without personal appearance; and
(e) no appeal lies from the decision of the Court with respect to the application or with respect to an interlocutory judgment.

Right of Minister
73 The Minister may make an application for leave to commence an application for judicial review with respect to any decision of the Refugee Appeal Division, whether or not the Minister took part in the proceedings before the Refugee Protection Division or Refugee Appeal Division.

Judicial review
74 Judicial review is subject to the following provisions:
(a) the judge who grants leave shall fix the day and place for the hearing of the application;
(b) the hearing shall be no sooner than 30 days and no later than 90 days after leave was granted, unless the parties agree to an earlier day;
(c) the judge shall dispose of the application without delay and in a summary way; and
(d) subject to section 87.01, an appeal to the Federal Court of Appeal may be made only if, in rendering judgment, the judge certifies that a serious question of general importance is involved and states the question.

第 72(1) 條：司法審查透過向法院提出申請許可來開始

第 72(1) 條規定，聯邦法院的司法審查透過向法院提出申請許可來開始。從歷史上看，大約 16.8% 的案件獲得了許可，在獲得許可的案件中，有 46.2% 的司法審查成功。

第 74(d) 條：只有在法官證明涉及到具有普遍重要性的嚴重問題時，才能向聯邦上訴法院提起上訴

《移民和難民保護法》第 74(d) 條規定，在遵守第 87.01 條的條件下，只有在法官在判決時證明涉及到具有普遍重要性的嚴重問題並說明問題時，才能向聯邦上訴法院提起上訴。要獲得證明，問題必須是： (i) 對上訴具有決定性；(ii) 超越訴訟直接當事人的利益；(iii) 涉及具有廣泛意義或普遍重要性的問題。 作為推論，該問題也必須在下級法院提起並得到處理，並且該問題必須來自案件本身，而不是來自法官的理由。 此外，該問題不應在其他上訴中已經確定和解決。

聯邦上訴法院已經接受了沒有證明問題的上訴，上訴的問題涉及聯邦法院法官的管轄權或對偏見指控。正如在 *加拿大訴阿齊茲* 中所說

部長認為在本案中不需要證明問題。他依賴於一些移民案件，在這類案件中，本法院允許上訴繼續進行，儘管沒有證明問題。例如，在 *福德訴加拿大* 中，法院接受了對聯邦法院命令的的上訴，該命令在另一移民案件審理結果出來之前暫停驅逐出境。法院認為不需要證明問題，因為問題是暫停令是否屬於聯邦法院根據《聯邦法院法》第 50(1)(b) 段的管轄範圍，R.S.C. 1985，c. F-7。在 *Subhaschanddran 訴加拿大* 中，法院接受了對聯邦法院命令的的上訴，該命令被解釋為拒絕法官批准或駁回一項關於暫停驅逐出境的動議。本法院還認為，對於基於偏見指控而提出的迴避動議，不需要證明問題，因為此類指控涉及法官審理案件的管轄權：參見，*Narvey 訴 MCI 和 Re Zündel*。 [內部引用省略]

這是基於《聯邦法院法》第 27(1)(*c*) 段授權在有限情況下對聯邦法院的中間判決提出上訴。

第 75 條：規則

Rules
75 (1) Subject to the approval of the Governor in Council, the rules committee established under section 45.1 of the Federal Courts Act may make rules governing the practice and procedure in relation to applications for leave to commence an application for judicial review, for judicial review and for appeals. The rules are binding despite any rule or practice that would otherwise apply.

Inconsistencies
(2) In the event of an inconsistency between this Division and any provision of the Federal Courts Act, this Division prevails to the extent of the inconsistency.