加拿大難民程式/20.1-20.2 - 指定外國人

IRPA 第 20.1-20.2 條

《移民和難民保護法》第 20.1-20.2 條規定

Designation — human smuggling or other irregular arrival
20.1 (1) The Minister may, by order, having regard to the public interest, designate as an irregular arrival the arrival in Canada of a group of persons if he or she
(a) is of the opinion that examinations of the persons in the group, particularly for the purpose of establishing identity or determining inadmissibility — and any investigations concerning persons in the group — cannot be conducted in a timely manner; or
(b) has reasonable grounds to suspect that, in relation to the arrival in Canada of the group, there has been, or will be, a contravention of subsection 117(1) for profit, or for the benefit of, at the direction of or in association with a criminal organization or terrorist group.

Effect of designation
(2) When a designation is made under subsection (1), a foreign national — other than a foreign national referred to in section 19 — who is part of the group whose arrival is the subject of the designation becomes a designated foreign national unless, on arrival, they hold the visa or other document required under the regulations and, on examination, the officer is satisfied that they are not inadmissible.

Statutory Instruments Act
(3) An order made under subsection (1) is not a statutory instrument for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act. However, it must be published in the Canada Gazette.

Application for permanent residence — restriction
20.2 (1) A designated foreign national may not apply to become a permanent resident
(a) if they have made a claim for refugee protection but have not made an application for protection, until five years after the day on which a final determination in respect of the claim is made;
(b) if they have made an application for protection, until five years after the day on which a final determination in respect of the application is made; or
(c) in any other case, until five years after the day on which they become a designated foreign national.

Suspension of application for permanent residence
(2) The processing of an application for permanent residence of a foreign national who, after the application is made, becomes a designated foreign national is suspended
(a) if the foreign national has made a claim for refugee protection but has not made an application for protection, until five years after the day on which a final determination in respect of the claim is made;
(b) if the foreign national has made an application for protection, until five years after the day on which a final determination in respect of the application is made; or
(c) in any other case, until five years after the day on which the foreign national becomes a designated foreign national.

Refusal to consider application
(3) The officer may refuse to consider an application for permanent residence if
(a) the designated foreign national fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with any condition imposed on them under subsection 58(4) or section 58.1 or any requirement imposed on them under section 98.1; and
(b) less than 12 months have passed since the end of the applicable period referred to in subsection (1) or (2).

"指定外國人" 是 IRPA 第 2 條中定義的術語

IRPA 第 2 條，即該法案的定義部分，規定 "指定外國人是指第 20.1(2) 條所賦予的含義。(étranger désigné)"。參見：加拿大難民程式/2-3 - 定義、目標和 IRPA 的適用範圍#IRPA 第 2 條.

"不規則入境" 是指滿足特定條件的一群人的入境

該法案第 20.1(1) 條規定，部長可根據公共利益，透過命令，將 "群體" 人員入境加拿大認定為不規則入境。 "群體" 沒有定義，一般被認為是指兩人或兩人以上。詹妮弗·邦德教授寫道："值得注意的是，該法案沒有定義 "群體" 這一術語，這意味著任何不單獨入境的人都有可能被認定為指定外國人。"

指定外國人制度是根據 2012 年《保護加拿大移民體系法》設立的

PCISA 改革建立了一個針對所謂的指定外國人的制度。 DFN，如該法案所定義，是指由公共安全部長懷疑在走私者的幫助下“不規則入境”的兩人或兩人以上的難民申請人。 被認定為 DFN 的後果包括：如果 DFN 年滿 16 歲，他們將自動被拘留，直到他們的難民申請得到確定。 這是建立在加拿大在 2010 年 MV Ocean Lady 和 MV Sun Sea 號船抵達後，已經開始強制拘留泰米爾難民的做法基礎上的。 此外，即使他們的申請得到批准，DFN 也不能在五年內申請永久居留權， 也不能獲得旅行證件，也不能擔保家庭成員。 自 2013 年實施以來，DFN 政策僅使用過一次。 要了解有關該立法的更多背景，請參閱：加拿大難民程式/加拿大難民程式的歷史#2010 年和 2012 年的難民改革.