加拿大難民程式/91-91.1 - 代表或建議
< 加拿大難民程式
《移民和難民保護法》第 91-91.1 條規定
Representation or Advice Representation or advice for consideration 91 (1) Subject to this section, no person shall knowingly, directly or indirectly, represent or advise a person for consideration — or offer to do so — in connection with the submission of an expression of interest under subsection 10.1(3) or a proceeding or application under this Act.
該法第 91(1) 條規定，任何人不得代表或建議某人進行考慮 - 或提出這樣做 - 除非得到該法第 91 條的授權。有關管理無償代表律師的 RPD 規則，請參閱：加拿大難民程式/RPD 規則 3-13 - 需要提供的資料和檔案#RPD 規則 5 - 律師不為考慮而行事時須作的申報。如果對代表（並非上述特定受管制職業的成員）在 IRB 面前接受服務報酬存在指控或疑慮，則應由 IRB 的《處理有關加拿大移民和難民委員會對未經授權的收費代表的投訴的政策》進行管理。[1] 另請參閱：加拿大難民程式/RPD 規則 14-16 - 記錄律師#委員會擁有控制誰可以以律師身份出庭的管轄權。
Persons who may represent or advise (2) A person does not contravene subsection (1) if they are (a) a lawyer who is a member in good standing of a law society of a province or a notary who is a member in good standing of the Chambre des notaires du Québec; (b) any other member in good standing of a law society of a province or the Chambre des notaires du Québec, including a paralegal; or (c) a member in good standing of the College, as defined in section 2 of the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants Act.
先前的《移民法》被解釋為允許不受管制的“其他律師”在 IRB 面前代表個人。2011 年對《IRPA》的修訂改變了這一點，將此類代表限制在上述四類持牌人員：律師、公證人（魁北克）、移民顧問和律師助理。[2]
IRPA 第 91(2)(c) 條規定，移民和公民諮詢委員會的成員必須“處於良好狀態”才能在 IRB 面前代表個人進行考慮。根據委員會 2021-2 號章程，“處於良好狀態”是指諮詢顧問除其他事項外，已滿足委員會的學習要求，並且未被暫停。移民和公民諮詢委員會的章程還規定，自 2023 年 7 月 1 日起，移民顧問必須獲得委員會頒發的 L3 類執照，才能被允許在移民和難民委員會面前代表個人。L3 類執照的資格要求高於一般移民工作所需的 L2 類執照資格。因此，可以將 IRPA 第 91 條解釋為，“處於良好狀態”是指委員會允許移民顧問在特定領域執業，因此，缺乏 L3 類執照所需的資格的移民顧問如果代表或建議某人進行考慮，則違反了 IRPA 第 91 條。另請參閱：加拿大難民程式/RPD 規則 3-13 - 需要提供的資料和檔案#RPD 規則 5 - 律師不為考慮而行事時須作的申報。
Students-at-law (3) A student-at-law does not contravene subsection (1) by offering or providing representation or advice to a person if the student-at-law is acting under the supervision of a person mentioned in paragraph (2)(a) who is representing or advising the person — or offering to do so — in connection with the submission of an expression of interest under subsection 10.1(3) or a proceeding or application under this Act.
另請參閱：加拿大難民程式/RPD 規則 14-16 - 記錄律師#當事人可以在訴訟中由多名律師（共同律師）代表。
Agreement or arrangement with Her Majesty (4) An entity, including a person acting on its behalf, that offers or provides services to assist persons in connection with the submission of an expression of interest under subsection 10.1(3) or an application under this Act, including for a permanent or temporary resident visa, travel documents or a work or study permit, does not contravene subsection (1) if it is acting in accordance with an agreement or arrangement between that entity and Her Majesty in right of Canada that authorizes it to provide those services. (5) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] (5.1) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] (6) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] (7) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] Québec Immigration Act (7.1) For greater certainty, the Québec Immigration Act, CQLR, c. I-0.2.1, applies to, among other persons, every person who, in Quebec, represents or advises a person for consideration — or offers to do so — in connection with a proceeding or application under this Act and is a member of the College, as defined in section 2 of the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants Act. (8) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] Penalties (9) Every person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable (a) on conviction on indictment, to a fine of not more than $200,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years, or to both; or (b) on summary conviction, to a fine of not more than $40,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both. Meaning of proceeding (10) For greater certainty, in this section, proceeding does not include a proceeding before a superior court.
第 91(2) 條規定，如果個人是加拿大移民與公民顧問學院或魁北克公證人協會的正式成員，則他們可以在本法項下的程式或申請中提供代理或建議。但是，根據第 91(10) 條，本法的這一規定不包括高等法院的程式。因此，本規定不授權移民顧問或魁北克公證人在對移民難民委員會決定的司法審查中代理客戶。
Regulations 91.1 (1) The regulations may (a) establish a system of administrative penalties and consequences — including of administrative monetary penalties — applicable to the violations designated in regulations made under paragraph (b) and set the amounts of those administrative monetary penalties; (b) designate as a violation the contravention — including a contravention committed outside Canada — of any specified provision of this Act or of the regulations by any person who, directly or indirectly, represents or advises a person for consideration — or offers to do so — in connection with the submission of an expression of interest under subsection 10.1(3) or a proceeding or application under this Act; (c) prohibit acts in relation to the activity of representing or advising — or offering to do so — described in paragraph (b); and (d) provide for the power to inspect — including the power to require documents to be provided by individuals and entities for inspection — for the purpose of verifying compliance with the provisions specified in regulations made under paragraph (b). Right to request review (2) Any regulation made under paragraph (1)(a) must provide that a person referred to in any of subsections 91(2) to (4) who is the subject of a notice of violation has the right to request, from a person appointed under subsection (3), a review of the notice or of the penalty imposed. Appointment — order (3) The Governor in Council may, by order, appoint one or more Canadian citizens or permanent residents to conduct reviews in respect of notices of violation issued, or penalties imposed, under a regulation made under paragraph (1)(a) and to perform any other function conferred on them by a regulation made under that paragraph. Tenure (4) A person appointed by order under subsection (3) holds office during good behaviour for a term that the Governor in Council may specify, by order, but may be removed for cause by the Governor in Council at any time.
- ↑ 在 Gabriel Bazin 在移民難民委員會的訴訟案中，2022 CanLII 50884 (CA IRB)，第 12 段，<https://canlii.ca/t/jprvq#par12>，於 2022 年 6 月 30 日檢索。
- ↑ Caruso訴安大略省律師協會，2023 ONSC 6744 (CanLII)，第 100 段，<https://canlii.ca/t/k1dzq#par100>，於 2023 年 11 月 30 日檢索。