海地克里奧爾語/動詞時態
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(重定向自 海地克里奧爾語/動詞時態)海地克里奧爾語沒有動詞變位。在現在非進行時態中,只需要使用基本動詞形式來表示 靜態動詞
| 海地克里奧爾語 | 英語 |
|---|---|
| Mwen pale kreyòl | I speak Haitian Creole |
注意,當 動作動詞 的基本形式在沒有任何動詞 標記 的情況下使用時,通常被理解為指代過去
| 海地克里奧爾語 | 英語 |
|---|---|
| mwen manje | I eat |
| ou manje | you eat |
| li manje | he/she eat |
| nou manje | we eat |
| yo manje | they eat |
(注意,manje 既可以表示“食物”也可以表示“吃” - m ap manje bon manje 表示“我正在吃美味的食物”。)。
對於其他 時態,需要在動詞之前放置特定的“時態標記”詞。基本標記有
| 時態標記 | 時態 | 註釋 |
|---|---|---|
| te (簡寫:t) | 一般過去時 | |
| tap (或 t ap) | 過去 進行時 | te 和 ap 的組合。 |
| ap | 現在進行時,近未來或確定 未來。 | 對於 ap 和 a,代詞 幾乎總是使用短語形式(見下文)。 |
| a | 未來 | 一些使用限制 |
| pral | 近未來或確定 未來 | 翻譯為“將要” |
| ta | 將來時 | te 和 a 的組合。 |
- mwen te manje - "I ate" or "I had eaten"
- ou te manje - "you ate" or "you had eaten"
- li te manje - "he/she ate" or "he/she had eaten"
- nou te manje - "we ate" or "we had eaten"
- yo te manje - "they ate" or "they had eaten"
過去 進行時
- mwen t ap manje - "I was eating"
- ou t ap manje - "you were eating"
- li t ap manje - "he/she was eating"
- nou t ap manje - "we were eating"
- yo t ap manje - "they were eating"
- m ap manje - "I am eating"
- w ap manje - "you are eating"
- l ap manje - "he/she is eating"
- n ap manje - "we are eating"
- y ap manje - "they are eating"
注意:對於現在進行時(“我正在吃”),習慣上(但並非必需)新增“現在”。
- M ap manje kounye a - "I am eating right now"
此外,根據句子的語境,這些例子可以表示“將要吃”。
- M'ap manje apres mwen priye - "i will eat after i pray" / Mwen p'ap di sa - "I will not say that"
近未來或確定 未來
- mwen pral manje - "I am going to eat"
- ou pral manje - "you are going to eat"
- li pral manje - "he/she is going to eat"
- nou pral manje - "we are going to eat"
- yo pral manje - "they are going to eat"
未來:
- N a wè pita - "See you later" (lit. "We will see (each other) later)
其他例子
- Mwen te wè zanmi ou yè - "I saw your friend yesterday"
- Nou te pale lontan - "We spoke for a long time"
- Lè li te gen uit an... - "When he was eight years old..."
- M a travay - "I will work"
- M pral travay - "I'm going to work"
- N a li l demen - "We'll read it tomorrow"
- Nou pral li l demen - "We are going to read it tomorrow"
- Mwen t ap mache e m te wè yon chyen - "I was walking and I saw a dog"
其他時間相關標記
- fèk - 最近過去時(“剛剛”)
- sòt - 與 fèk 類似
它們通常一起使用
- Mwen fèk sòt antre kay la - "I just entered the house"
動詞 語氣 標記是 ta,對應英語中的“would”,相當於法語中的虛擬式。
- Yo ta renmen jwe - "They would like to play"
- Mwen ta vini si mwen te gen yon machin - "I would come if I had a car"
- Li ta bliye w si ou pa t la - "He/she would forget you if you weren't here"
- Lefebvre, Claire. 海地克里奧爾語的時態、語氣和體系統以及克里奧爾語起源中語法傳播問題 魁北克大學蒙特利爾分校