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海地克里奧爾語/動詞時態

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海地克里奧爾語沒有動詞變位。在現在非進行時態中,只需要使用基本動詞形式來表示 靜態動詞

海地克里奧爾語 英語
Mwen pale kreyòl I speak Haitian Creole

注意,當 動作動詞 的基本形式在沒有任何動詞 標記 的情況下使用時,通常被理解為指代過去

海地克里奧爾語 英語
mwen manje I eat
ou manje you eat
li manje he/she eat
nou manje we eat
yo manje they eat

(注意,manje 既可以表示“食物”也可以表示“吃” - m ap manje bon manje 表示“我正在吃美味的食物”。)。

對於其他 時態,需要在動詞之前放置特定的“時態標記”詞。基本標記有

時態標記 時態 註釋
te (簡寫:t) 一般過去時
tap (或 t ap) 過去 進行時 teap 的組合。
ap 現在進行時,近未來或確定 未來 對於 apa代詞 幾乎總是使用短語形式(見下文)。
a 未來 一些使用限制
pral 近未來或確定 未來 翻譯為“將要”
ta 將來時 tea 的組合。
  • 短語形式為:m 代表 mwenw 代表 oul 代表 lin 代表 nouy 代表 yok 代表 ki。除了 k 之外,所有這些都在 第一課 中介紹過。

一般過去時過去完成時

mwen te manje - "I ate" or "I had eaten"
ou te manje - "you ate" or "you had eaten"
li te manje - "he/she ate" or "he/she had eaten"
nou te manje - "we ate" or "we had eaten"
yo te manje - "they ate" or "they had eaten"

過去 進行時

mwen t ap manje - "I was eating"
ou t ap manje - "you were eating"
li t ap manje - "he/she was eating"
nou t ap manje - "we were eating"
yo t ap manje - "they were eating"

現在進行時:

m ap manje - "I am eating"
w ap manje - "you are eating"
l ap manje - "he/she is eating"
n ap manje - "we are eating"
y ap manje - "they are eating"

注意:對於現在進行時(“我正在吃”),習慣上(但並非必需)新增“現在”。

M ap manje kounye a - "I am eating right now"

此外,根據句子的語境,這些例子可以表示“將要吃”。

M'ap manje apres mwen priye - "i will eat after i pray" / Mwen p'ap di sa - "I will not say that"

近未來或確定 未來

mwen pral manje - "I am going to eat"
ou pral manje - "you are going to eat"
li pral manje - "he/she is going to eat"
nou pral manje - "we are going to eat"
yo pral manje - "they are going to eat"

未來:

N a wè pita - "See you later" (lit. "We will see (each other) later)

其他例子

Mwen te wè zanmi ou yè - "I saw your friend yesterday"
Nou te pale lontan - "We spoke for a long time"
Lè li te gen uit an... - "When he was eight years old..."
M a travay - "I will work"
M pral travay - "I'm going to work"
N a li l demen - "We'll read it tomorrow"
Nou pral li l demen - "We are going to read it tomorrow"
Mwen t ap mache e m te wè yon chyen - "I was walking and I saw a dog"

其他時間相關標記

fèk - 最近過去時(“剛剛”)
sòt - 與 fèk 類似

它們通常一起使用

Mwen fèk sòt antre kay la - "I just entered the house"

動詞 語氣 標記是 ta,對應英語中的“would”,相當於法語中的虛擬式。

Yo ta renmen jwe - "They would like to play"
Mwen ta vini si mwen te gen yon machin - "I would come if I had a car"
Li ta bliye w si ou pa t la - "He/she would forget you if you weren't here"

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