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國際象棋開局理論/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5

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< 國際象棋開局理論 | 1. e4 | 1...e5 | 2. Nf3 | 2...Nc6
(從 國際象棋/魯伊·洛佩茲 重定向)
最新審查版本於 2024年8月31日 檢查。 有 2 個待審更改 等待審查。


魯伊·洛佩茲
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
用Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) 表示的棋局

r1bqkbnr/pppp1ppp/2n5/1B2p3/4P3/5N2/PPPP1PPP/RNBQK2R b

走法: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5
ECO 程式碼: C60—99
父節點: 國王騎士開局
應對

3. Bb5 - 西班牙開局

[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

標誌著西班牙開局或魯伊·洛佩茲的關鍵走法。 “這是大師賽中最常用的雙國王兵開局；幾乎所有棋手在他們職業生涯的某個階段都採用過這種開局，而且許多棋手都從白方和黑方兩側使用過它。”

白方威脅要交換黑方 c6 騎士，留下 e5 兵無保護。 這不是一個立即的威脅，因為在 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. Nxe5 之後，黑方可以用 5... Qd4 或 5... Qg5 取回兵。

黑方有許多應對方法。 最常見的走法是莫菲防禦 3... a6。 這迫使白方對主教做出決定 - 後退還是交換。

還有許多其他走法，一些完全忽略了對騎士和兵的保護，並繼續發展。

該開局以 16 世紀西班牙神父 魯伊·洛佩茲·德·塞古拉 命名。 流行的後續走法是：3... a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. exd5 Nxd5 10. Nxe5 Nxe5 11. Rxe5 c6 12. d4 Bd6 13. Re1 Qh4 14. g3 Qh3。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black kingb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black pawnb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... a6   (莫菲防禦)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... Nf6   (柏林防禦)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... d6   (斯坦尼茨防禦)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black bishopd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... Bc5   (古典防禦)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black kingg7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black pawng5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... f5   (施裡曼 (雅尼什) 防禦)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black knighte4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... Nd4   (鳥防禦)

理論表

[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]

有關理論表的解釋，請參閱 理論表，有關記譜法的解釋，請參閱 代數記譜法。

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
莫菲防禦 ...
a6		 Ba4
Nf6		 O-O
Be7		 Re1
b5		 Bb3
O-O		 =
柏林防禦 ...
Nf6
 O-O
Nxe4		 d4
Nd6		 Bxc6
dxc6		 dxe5
Nf5		 +=
斯米斯洛夫防禦 ...
g6
 c3
a6		 Ba4
d6		 d4
Bd7		 O-O
Bg7		 +=
古典防禦 ...
Bc5
 O-O
Nd4		 Nxd4
Bxd4		 c3
Bb6		 d4
c6		 +=
施裡曼防禦 ...
f5
 Nc3
fxe4		 Nxe4
d5		 Nxe5
dxe4		 Nxc6
Qg5		 +=
鳥防禦 ...
Nd4
 Nxd4
exd4		 O-O
Bc5		 d3
c6		 Ba4
Ne7		 +=
斯坦尼茨防禦 ...
d6
 d4
Bd7		 Nc3
exd4		 Nxd4
g6		 Be3
Bg7		 +=
科齊奧防禦 ...
Nge7
 O-O
g6		 c3
Bg7		 d4
exd4		 cxd4
d5		 +=
科齊奧防禦 ...
Nge7
 O-O
a6		 Bc4
b5		 Bb3
d6		 d4
h6		 dxe5
g5		 exd6
Qxd6		 +=
維諾格拉多夫變例 ...
Qe7
 Bxc6
dxc6		 d4
Bg4		 dxe5
Bxf3		 Qxe5
Qxf3		 +=

在為本華夏公益教科書貢獻時，請遵循 組織約定。

維基百科 在 魯伊·洛佩茲 中有相關資訊。

參考文獻

[編輯 | 編輯原始碼]
  • Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (編輯), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
  • 卡斯帕羅夫，加里，& 基恩，雷蒙德 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
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