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英語使用/副詞

來自華夏公益教科書
英語使用
總覽 目錄簡介
詞性 冠詞名詞動詞動名詞和分詞代詞形容詞副詞介詞、連詞和感嘆詞
其他主題 正字法標點符號句法修辭格詞彙表
外部 資源

副詞是新增到動詞、分詞、形容詞或其他副詞的詞;通常表達時間、地點、程度或方式:如,

  • "他們現在就在這裡,非常勤奮地學習。"

副詞可以修飾動詞、從句、形容詞或短語。

形容詞通常透過新增ly字尾變成副詞。Ly是like的縮寫,是副詞最常見的結尾。當新增到名詞時,它會形成形容詞;但其中一些也被用作副詞:如,daily, weekly, monthly

副詞的例子有

  • "傑克正在快速地游泳。"
  • "不幸地是,他輸掉了比賽。"
  • "我們告訴他跑得快。"

在第一個句子中,副詞修飾動詞游泳。形容詞quick添加了ly變成了副詞。在第二個句子中,它修飾整個句子,在最後一個例子中,副詞much修飾副詞faster

副詞的比較級形式

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副詞沒有變化,只有一小部分像形容詞一樣進行比較:如,soon, sooner, soonest; long, longer, longest; fast, faster, fastest

以下是不規則比較:well, better, best; badly or ill, worse, worst; little, less, least; much, more, most; far, farther, farthest; forth, further, furthest

副詞的種類

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副詞可以歸納為四類;即時間副詞、地點副詞、程度副詞和方式副詞。除此之外,還應區分連線副詞這一特殊類別。

時間副詞

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時間副詞是回答什麼時候?多久?多久以後?或多久一次?的問題的副詞。

現在的時間:如,now, yet, today, nowadays, presently, instantly, immediately, straightway, directly, forthwith

過去的時間:如,already, just now, lately, recently, yesterday, formerly, anciently, once, heretofore, hitherto, since, till now, long ago, erewhile, erst

將來的時間:如,tomorrow, hereafter, henceforth, henceforward, by-and-by, soon, erelong, shortly

相對的時間:如,when, then, first, just, before, after, while, whilst, meanwhile, as, till, until, seasonably, betimes, early, late, whenever, afterward, afterwards, otherwhile, otherwhiles

絕對的時間:如,always, ever, never, aye, eternally, forever, perpetually, continually, incessantly, endlessly, evermore, everlastingly

重複的時間:如,often, oft, again, occasionally, frequently, sometimes, seldom, rarely, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, annually, once, twice, thrice, or three times

超過三次,我們只使用四次、五次、六次等短語。次數,表示重複或例項,可以認為是一個名詞;但這些短語經常被用作副詞。

程度副詞

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程度副詞是回答多少?多少?或更多或更少的概念的副詞。

過多或豐富:如,much, more, most, too, very, greatly, far, besides; chiefly, principally, mainly, mostly, generally; entirely, full, fully, completely, perfectly, wholly, totally, altogether, all, quite, clear, stark; exceedingly, excessively, extravagantly, intolerably; immeasurably, inconceivably, infinitely

平等或足夠:如,enough, sufficiently, competently, adequately, proportionally, equally, so, as, even, just, exactly, precisely

不足或減少:如,little, less, least, scarcely, hardly, scantly, scantily merely, barely, only, but, partly, partially, nearly, almost, well-nigh, not quite

抽象的數量:如,how, however, howsoever, everso, something, anything, nothing, a groat, a sixpence,以及其他用作副詞的數量名詞。

方式副詞

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方式副詞是回答如何?的問題的副詞,或者透過肯定、否定或懷疑,表明主體如何被看待。

品質而來的一種方式:如,well, ill, wisely, foolishly, justly, wickedly,以及許多其他透過在品質形容詞後新增ly形成的詞。

肯定或同意:如,yes, yea, ay, verily, truly, indeed, surely, certainly, doubtless, undoubtedly, assuredly, certes, forsooth, amen

否定:如,no, nay, not, nowise, noway, noways, nohow

懷疑或不確定:如,perhaps, haply, possibly, perchance, peradventure, maybe

模式或方式:如,thus, so, how, somehow, nohow, anyhow, however, howsoever, like, else, otherwise, across, together, apart, asunder, namely, particularly, necessarily, hesitatingly, trippingly, extempore, headlong, lengthwise

地點副詞

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哪裡的地點:如,where, here, there, yonder, above, below, about, around, somewhere, anywhere, elsewhere, otherwhere, everywhere, nowhere, wherever, wheresoever, within, without, whereabout, whereabouts, hereabout, hereabouts, thereabout, thereabouts

哪裡的地點:如,whither, hither, thither, in, up, down, back, forth, aside, ashore, abroad, aloft, home, homewards, inwards, upwards, downwards, backwards, forwards

哪裡的地點:如,whence, hence, thence, away, out, off, far, remotely

地點的順序:如,first, secondly, thirdly, fourthly,等等。

因此,其次的意思是在第二位;第三,在第三位;等等。

連線副詞

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連線副詞是執行連詞功能的副詞。以下單詞最常被用作連線副詞:after, again, also, as, before, besides, consequently, else, ere, even, furthermore, hence, how, however, moreover, nevertheless, as well, otherwise, since, so, still, till, then, thence, therefore, too, until, when, where, wherefore, whither, while

原因副詞why, wherefore, therefore;但這最後兩個詞通常被稱為連詞。

代詞複合詞herein, therein, wherein,等等。

簡短句法

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副詞與動詞、分詞、形容詞或其他副詞相關:如,"多麼幸福",除了以下情況:獨立副詞,如"No",詞amen,如"這些事情說amen",介詞前的副詞,如"All along",以及muchlittlefarall,如"Thus far is right"。

參考文獻

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  • 本文的一部分內容取自公有領域英語語法"英語語法大全"由 Goold Brown 於 1851 年出版。
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